International Current Affairs 2026 for SSC,BPSC, BSSC

G20 Summit 2025 (Johannesburg, South Africa) — BPSC Prelims Notes

Basic Information

• Edition Number: 20th G20 Summit

• Host City: Johannesburg

• Host Country: South Africa

• Dates: 22–23 November 2025

• Special Significance: First-ever G20 Summit held on African soil

Official Theme

• Theme/Motto: “Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability”

• Meaning: * Solidarity: Collective cooperation

  • Equality: Fair opportunities for all countries

  • Sustainability: Long-term inclusive development

Participation

• Indian Representative: PM Narendra Modi

• New Members: No new country joined in 2025

• Important Background Fact: African Union became a permanent member in 2023 during India’s presidency

Key Outcomes & Decisions

• Final Declaration: Johannesburg Leaders’ Declaration

• Major Global Decisions:

  • UN Reform Support: Demand for reform of UNSC and better representation for Africa & Global South

  • Climate Finance Push: Focus on renewable energy and climate funding for developing nations

  • Critical Minerals Framework: Sustainable and diversified supply chains for lithium, cobalt, rare earths etc.

 Future Venue (Upcoming Summits)

• 2026: United State

• 2027: India

India’s Perspective / India’s Proposals India proposed several initiatives during the summit:

• Global Compact on AI: Ethical and responsible AI governance

• Talent Mobility Framework: Easier movement of skilled workforce

• Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative: Recycling & reuse of strategic minerals

• Global Healthcare Response Team: Better international health emergency coordination

• Open Satellite Data Partnership: Sharing satellite data for development

• Traditional Knowledge Repository: Protection of traditional knowledge systems

One-Liner Revision

• 2025 G20 Summit was held in Johannesburg, South Africa.

• Theme: “Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability”.

• Johannesburg Leaders’ Declaration adopted.

• First G20 summit hosted in Africa.

• PM Narendra Modi represented India.

• India proposed Global Compact on AI and Critical Minerals Circularity Initiative.

BRICS Summit 2025 (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) — BPSC Prelims Notes

 Basic Information

• Edition Number: 17th BRICS Summit

• Host City: Rio de Janeiro

• Host Country: Brazil

• Dates: 6–7 July 2025

Official Theme

• Theme: “Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance”

• Keywords for Prelims: Global South, Inclusive governance, Sustainable governance, Multilateral cooperation

Participation

• Indian Representative: Prime Minister Narendra Modi

• New Full Member Joined: Indonesia (became the 11th full member in 2025)

• Partner Countries Added: Belarus, Bolivia, Kazakhstan, Cuba, Nigeria, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Uganda, Uzbekistan

Key Outcomes & Decisions

• Final Declaration: Rio de Janeiro Declaration

• Major Global Decisions:

  • Global Governance Reform: Demand for reforms in UN, IMF and World Bank

  • Climate Finance Demand: Developed countries asked to fund climate transition

  • Counter-Terrorism Cooperation: Strong condemnation of terrorism including Pahalgam attack

 Other Important Outcomes

• Support for multipolar world order

• Expansion of BRICS cooperation

• AI governance discussions

• Focus on local currency trade

• Stronger Global South representation

Future Venue

• 2026: India

• 2027: Russia (expected rotation basis)

India’s Perspective / India’s Proposals India strongly focused on Global South diplomacy:

• Global South Representation: Greater voice for developing countries

• UN & IMF Reforms: Better representation for emerging economies

• AI Cooperation: Responsible and inclusive AI governance

• Counter-Terrorism: Strong global action against terrorism

• Multipolar World Order: Reduce dominance of single power blocs

SCO Summit 2025 (Tianjin, China) — BPSC Prelims Notes

1. Basic Information

• Edition Number: 25th SCO Summit

• Host City: Tianjin

• Host Country: China

• Dates: 31 August – 1 September 2025

• Important Fact: Largest SCO Summit since establishment in 2001

Official Theme / Motto

• Theme: “One Earth, One Family, One Future” (India’s vision formally adopted)

• Note: SCO members officially adopted India’s civilisational vision during the summit

Participation

• Indian Representative: Prime Minister Narendra Modi

• New Members: No new full member joined in 2025

• New Partner Countries: Laos and several dialogue partners expanded cooperation

Major Decisions / Outcomes

• Strong Anti-Terror Stand: Condemned terrorism and called for action against terror financing & radicalisation

• SCO Development Strategy 2026–2035: Long-term roadmap adopted for economic and regional cooperation

• Global Governance Reform: Support for multipolar world order and stronger Global South role

• Other Outcomes: SCO Development Bank proposal, focus on AI, cyberspace, and regional connectivity

 Future Venue

• 2026: Kazakhstan (rotation basis)

• 2027: Kyrgyzstan (expected)

India’s Perspective / India’s Proposals India focused on Security, Connectivity and Opportunity:

• Initiatives: Fight Against Terrorism, Connectivity Cooperation, and "One Earth, One Family, One Future"

• PM Modi’s Emphasis: Zero tolerance against terrorism, peace in Eurasia, and balanced multipolar world order

• India’s Slogan: “Security, Connectivity and Opportunity”

BIMSTEC Summit 2025 (Bangkok, Thailand) — BPSC Prelims Notes

Basic Information

• Edition Number: 6th BIMSTEC Summit

• Host City: Bangkok

• Host Country: Thailand

• Dates: 3–4 April 2025

• Important Fact: First in-person BIMSTEC summit in nearly 7 years

Official Theme

• Theme: “BIMSTEC: Prosperous, Resilient and Open” (PRO BIMSTEC)

Participation

• Indian Representative: Prime Minister Narendra Modi

• Current Members: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand

• Important Facts: Connects South Asia + Southeast Asia through Bay of Bengal ; established through Bangkok Declaration 1997

Key Outcomes

• Documents: Bangkok Vision 2030 and 6th BIMSTEC Summit Declaration

• Major Decisions:

  • Bangkok Vision 2030 Adopted: Long-term roadmap for the region

  • Maritime Transport Agreement Signed: To improve shipping and trade

  • Disaster & Human Security Cooperation: Greater coordination for climate and security

• Other Outcomes: Rules of Procedure adopted , Eminent Persons Group report approved , and focus on trade expansion

  Future Venue

• 2026/Ministerial: Sri Lanka (expected rotational hosting)

• Next Summit: To be decided through rotational mechanism

India’s Perspective / India’s Proposals India made several important proposals:

• BIMSTEC Disaster Management Centre: Regional preparedness

• BODHI Initiative: Human resource & skill development

• UPI Linkage Proposal: Connect digital payment systems

• Home Ministers’ Mechanism: Cooperation against terrorism and cybercrime

• PM Modi’s Emphasis: Regional connectivity, disaster resilience, and “Security, growth and connectivity in the Bay of Bengal region”

ASEAN Summit 2025 (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) — BPSC Prelims Notes

Basic Information

• Edition Number: 47th ASEAN Summit

• Host City: Kuala Lumpur

• Host Country: Malaysia (Chairmanship 2025)

• Dates: 26–28 October 2025

Official Theme

• Theme: “Inclusivity and Sustainability”

• Keywords: Inclusive growth, Sustainable development, Regional unity, Green economy

Participation

• Indian Representative: PM Narendra Modi (virtual participation)

• New Member: Timor-Leste (East Timor) became the 11th ASEAN member in 2025

• Chair: Malaysian PM Anwar Ibrahim

Key Outcomes

• Documents: ASEAN Community Vision 2045 and Kuala Lumpur Declaration

• Major Decisions: Admission of Timor-Leste , adoption of Vision 2045 , and focus on maritime & digital connectivity

• Other Outcomes: Climate action, health security, and regional security

Future Venue

• 2026: Philippines

• 2027: Singapore (expected rotational basis)

India’s Perspective / India’s Proposals

• Focus: Act East Policy, Indo-Pacific cooperation, and trade integration

Initiatives:

• Year of ASEAN-India Maritime Cooperation (2026): To strengthen maritime security

• Review of ASEAN-India FTA (AITIGA): Improve economic partnership

• PM Modi’s Quote: ASEAN is the “Main pillar of India’s Act East Policy”

QUAD Leaders’ Summit — BPSC Prelims Notes

Basic Information

• Latest Basis: 6th QUAD Leaders’ Summit (Wilmington, Delaware, USA)

• 2025 Status: India designated as the next host nation

• Important Fact: QUAD completed nearly 20 years of strategic cooperation

 Official Theme / Vision

• Core Vision: “Free, Open, Inclusive and Prosperous Indo-Pacific”

• Keywords: Rules-based order, Maritime security, Democratic values

 Participation

• Indian Representative: PM Narendra Modi

• Other Leaders: Joe Biden (USA), Fumio Kishida (Japan), Anthony Albanese (Australia)

• Important Note: QUAD is NOT a military alliance like NATO

Key Outcomes

• Declaration: Wilmington Declaration

• Major Decisions:

  • QUAD At-Sea Mission: Joint maritime observer mission

  • MAITRI Initiative: Maritime Initiative for Training in Indo-Pacific

  • QUAD Logistics Network: For humanitarian coordination

• Other Outcomes: Semiconductor cooperation , Cybersecurity coordination , and Digital Public Infrastructure

 Future Venue

• 2025: India (Next Leaders’ Summit)

• Fact: India officially invited QUAD leaders for the next summit

India’s Perspective

• Focus: Indo-Pacific security and inclusive development

• PM Modi’s Statement: “QUAD is here to stay”

• Initiatives: MAITRI Initiative, SAGAR Vision, and Disaster Response Cooperation

COP30 Climate Summit 2025 (Belém, Brazil) — BPSC Prelims Notes

1. Basic Information

• Edition: 30th Conference of Parties (COP30)

• Host: Belém, Brazil (First COP in the Amazon rainforest region)

• Dates: 10–21 November 2025

Official Theme / Motto

• Theme: “Global Mutirão: Uniting Humanity in a Global Mobilization Against Climate Change”

• Meaning of “Mutirão”: Collective community effort/cooperation

Participation

• Indian Representatives: Bhupender Yadav (Environment Minister) and Dinesh Bhatia

• Important Facts: Paris Agreement completed 10 years in 2025 ; strong focus on Amazon protection

Key Outcomes

• Declaration: Global Mutirão Agreement / Belém Package

• Major Decisions:

  • Tripling Adaptation Finance by 2035: Developed nations agreed to increase funding

  • Just Transition Mechanism Established: To support shifting from fossil fuels

  • Global Implementation Accelerator: Two-year process to maintain 1.5°C goal

• Other Outcomes: 59 indicators for Adaptation and $1.3 trillion finance target by 2035

Future Venue

• COP31 (2026): Australia (expected host)

 India’s Perspective

• Focus: Climate justice, Equity, and the CBDR-RC Principle

• Standpoints: Affordable Climate Technology Access and Equitable Climate Finance 

Military Exercises (2025–26)

• Exercise Malabar 2025
  • Countries: India, USA, Japan, Australia
  • Location: Western Pacific Ocean
  • Type: Naval Exercise (QUAD nations)
  • Focus: Maritime security & Indo-Pacific cooperation.
• Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2025
  • Countries: India & USA
  • Location: Alaska, USA
  • Type: Army Exercise
  • Focus: Counter-terrorism & high-altitude warfare.
• Exercise Varuna 2025
  • Countries: India & France
  • Location: Arabian Sea
  • Type: Naval Exercise
  • Focus: Maritime combat interoperability.
• Exercise Dharma Guardian 2025
  • Countries: India & Japan
  • Location: Japan
  • Type: Army Exercise
  • Focus: Urban warfare & counter-terror operations.
• Exercise Trishul (TSE-2025)
  • Countries: Indian Army, Navy & Air Force (Tri-service)
  • Location: Rajasthan, Gujarat & Arabian Sea
  • Focus: Joint warfare, amphibious operations & cyber/electronic warfare.

Bilateral Agreements involving India (2025–26)

• India–France AI Cooperation Agreement
  • Focus on:
    • Ethical AI
    • AI research
    • Semiconductor cooperation
  • Signed during AI Action Summit 2025.
• India–UAE Local Currency Trade Expansion
  • Promotes trade in Rupee & Dirham.
  • Reduces dependence on US Dollar.
• India–Sri Lanka Energy Cooperation
• Grid connectivity & renewable energy projects.
• Focus on energy security in Indian Ocean region.

India-UK CETA (Comprehensive Economic & Trade Agreement)

• Signed: July 2025.

• Status (May 2026): Yeh agreement abhi May 2026 mein hi puri tarah se "Operational" (laagu) hua hai.

• Key Detail: Iske laagu hote hi luxury cars (jaise JLR) aur whiskey par duties kam hui hain. Iska target bilateral trade ko $100 billion tak le jana hai by 2030.

India-EU FTA (Free Trade Agreement)

• Negotiations Concluded: 27 January 2026.

• Why it's huge: Yeh 20 saal se atka hua tha. Isme India ko 97% tariff lines par duty-free access mila hai.

• BPSC focus: Isme "Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism" (CBAM) aur "Sustainability" par kafi focus hai.

India-Oman CEPA (Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement)

• Signed: December 2025.

• Ratified: February 2026 (by Oman's Royal Decree).

• Effective Date: 1 May 2026.

• Key Detail: India ko Oman ke market mein 100% duty-free access mila hai for items like engineering goods and electronics.

India-EFTA TEPA (Trade & Economic Partnership Agreement)

• Status: Yeh agreement 1 October 2025 ko "Enter into force" (laagu) hua.

• Members: Switzerland, Iceland, Norway, aur Liechtenstein.

• Highlight: Isme $100 billion ke investment ka commit kiya gaya hai India mein pichle 15 saalon ke liye.

Major Rescue / Security Operations by India (2025–26)

• Operation Sindoor (2025)
  • Launched after Pahalgam terror attack.
  • Indian Armed Forces targeted terror infrastructure in Pakistan & PoK.
  • Important for defence current affairs.
• Operation Brahma (2025)
  • Humanitarian relief mission for earthquake-hit Myanmar.
  • India sent:
    • NDRF teams
    • Naval ships
    • Medical aid
    • Relief material.
• Operation Dost Assistance Expansion
  • Continued humanitarian coordination in West Asia & disaster zones.
  • Focus on evacuation and relief support.

International Awards won by Indians (2025–26)

• Gukesh D
  • Won major global chess recognition after becoming youngest World Chess Champion.
• Purnima Devi Barman
  • International environmental recognition for wildlife conservation (Hargila conservation work).
• Sundar Pichai
  • Honoured globally for AI and technology leadership.
• Nikhil Kamath / Indian startup leaders
• Recognized in global entrepreneurship and innovation platforms.

Strategic Places in News (2025–26)

1. Strait of Hormuz

• Why in News:
  Iran–Israel tensions and attacks on shipping increased fears of oil supply disruption.
• Geographical Importance:
  • World’s most important oil chokepoint.
  • Connects Persian Gulf with Arabian Sea.
  • Around one-fifth of global oil trade passes through it.
• BPSC Point:
  Important for India’s energy security.

Red Sea

• Why in News:
  Houthi attacks on cargo ships disrupted global trade routes.
• Geographical Importance:
  • Links Suez Canal to Indian Ocean.
  • Critical Europe-Asia shipping route.
• Strategic Importance:
  Shipping companies diverted via Cape of Good Hope, increasing transport cost.

Suez Canal

• Why in News:
  Trade disruption due to Red Sea conflict affected canal traffic and Egypt’s revenue.
• Geographical Importance:
  • Connects Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea.
  • Shortest sea route between Europe and Asia.
• Exam Fact:
  One of world’s busiest maritime trade routes.

South China Sea

• Why in News:
  China–Philippines maritime disputes and freedom of navigation debates intensified.
• Geographical Importance:
  • Major global shipping route.
  • Rich in fisheries and hydrocarbons.
• Strategic Importance:
  Important region in QUAD and Indo-Pacific discussions.

Taiwan Strait

• Why in News:
  China–Taiwan tensions and military exercises raised global security concerns.
• Geographical Importance:
  • Connects South China Sea and East China Sea.
  • Major semiconductor supply route.
• Exam Fact:
  Taiwan is crucial for global semiconductor manufacturing.

Special Environmental Recognition

Latest Important Ramsar / Blue Flag Type Facts

Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary

• Became an important recent Ramsar wetland discussion point.
• Nanjarayan Tank (Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu) ko officially Ramsar Site ghoshit kiya gaya hai. Iske saath hi Tamil Nadu Bharat ka sabse zyada Ramsar sites (20 sites) wala state ban gaya hai.
• River: Ye Noyyal River ke kinare hai (Noyyal, Kaveri ki ek tributary hai).

 Science & Tech (Critical Missions)

Indian Space Research Organisation — Gaganyaan Mission

• Major milestone:
  • Crew module tests
  • Human spaceflight preparations accelerated.
• Important because:
  India preparing first human space mission.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Artemis Program

• Artemis II preparations advanced.
• Focus:
  Return of humans to Moon.

Global Health Alert (2025–26)

H5N1 Bird Flu

• Caused major international health concern.

Top International Indices (2025–26) — India’s Rank

Index	India’s Rank	Publisher / Organization	Important Point
World Happiness Report 2025	118	United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network	Finland remained top country
World Press Freedom Index 2025	151	Reporters Without Borders	Measures media freedom
Global Innovation Index 2025	39	World Intellectual Property Organization	India remained innovation leader among lower-middle-income countries
Human Development Index (HDI) 2025	130+ range	United Nations Development Programme	Measures health, education & income
Global Gender Gap Report 2025	129	World Economic Forum	Iceland ranked first
Corruption Perceptions Index 2025	96	Transparency International	Measures perceived public corruption
Global Hunger Index 2025	100+ range	Concern Worldwide & Welthungerhilfe	India disputed methodology
Henley Passport Index 2025	80	Henley & Partners	Measures visa-free access
Environmental Performance Index 2025	Low rank category	Yale University	Environment-related performance
Global Cybersecurity Index 2025	Top improving countries category	International Telecommunication Union	Measures cyber preparedness

Indian Diaspora Personalities in News (Apr 2025 – May 2026)

Personality	Why in News
Sundar Pichai	Global AI governance, AI summits and Gemini AI expansion
Satya Nadella	AI investments, OpenAI partnership and global tech leadership
Ajay Banga	Climate finance, Global South development and debt reforms
Nikki Haley	Continued influence in US politics and foreign policy debates
Leena Nair	Recognized among powerful global business leaders
Indra Nooyi	Global leadership, women empowerment and economic discussions

File Name: International_Current_Affairs_2026_May_Edition.pdf

Content: 100+ Important Events, Summits, Awards & Relations.

Target Exams: BPSC 72nd CCE, BSSC CGL-4, Bihar Police SI, aur anya pratiyogita parikshaon ke liye.

Syllabus Covered: Sam-samayik mudde (Current Affairs) aur Bharat ke padosi desh 

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